In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of plague in Paris.[54] According to Biraben, plague was present in Paris for almost one year in three in the 16th and 17th centuries to 1670.[55] The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease hit somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490.[56] Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665,[57] reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years.[58] Amsterdam lost over 10% of its population to plague in 1623–1625, and again in 1635–1636, 1655, and 1664.[59] There were twenty-two outbreaks of plague in Venice between 1361 and 1528.[60] The plague of 1576-1577 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population.[61] Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died from 1348 to 1350.[62] The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.[63]
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